:root {
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --text: var(--ink);
  --text-body: var(--body);
  --text-soft: var(--body);
  --text-muted: var(--secondary);
  --text-dim: var(--secondary);
  --text-label: var(--secondary);
  --text-faint: var(--secondary);
  --rule: var(--line);
  --rule-soft: var(--line);
  --accent: var(--link);
  --accent-soft: #c8d6df;
  --accent-faint: #eaf1f5;
  --surface: #f3f6f8;
  --surface-alt: #f3f6f8;
  --glow-band: color-mix(in srgb, var(--link) 25%, transparent);
}

:root[data-theme="dark"] {
  --accent-soft: #536e80;
  --accent-faint: #22323d;
  --surface: #20272d;
  --surface-alt: #20272d;
}

.research-header .heading-row { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.back { color: var(--secondary); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; text-decoration: none; }
.back:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.research-header .meta { margin: 12px 0 16px; color: var(--secondary); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-header .lede { margin: 0; color: var(--secondary); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; }
.research-article h2 { margin: 0 0 18px; color: var(--ink); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.65; }
.research-article hr { margin: 36px 0; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }

.phase,
.approach { margin-bottom: 28px; }
.phase-label,
.approach-label { margin-bottom: 6px; color: var(--ink); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; }
.phase-tag,
.approach-tag { margin-left: 6px; color: var(--secondary); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 400; }
.phase p,
.approach p { margin-bottom: 14px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; }

.arch-diagram { margin: 18px 0 10px; overflow-x: auto; }
.arch-diagram svg { display: block; width: 100%; min-width: 480px; height: auto; }
.arch-diagram text { font-family: inherit; }
.arch-diagram [fill="white"] { fill: var(--surface); }
.arch-diagram [fill="#f0f5f8"] { fill: var(--accent-faint); }
.arch-diagram [fill="#666"],
.arch-diagram [fill="#999"] { fill: var(--secondary); }
.arch-diagram [fill="#4A7C9B"],
.arch-diagram [fill="#7ba3b8"] { fill: var(--link); }
.arch-diagram [fill="#bbb"] { fill: var(--secondary); }
.arch-diagram [stroke="#bbb"],
.arch-diagram [stroke="#ccc"],
.arch-diagram [stroke="#ddd"] { stroke: var(--line); }
.arch-diagram [stroke="#4A7C9B"] { stroke: var(--link); }

.table-scroll { margin: 18px 0 24px; overflow-x: auto; }
.table-scroll:focus-visible,
.arch-diagram:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 5px; }
.results-table { width: 100%; min-width: 480px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65; }
.results-table th { padding: 9px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--secondary); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; }
.results-table td { padding: 9px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--body); vertical-align: top; }
.results-table th:not(:first-child),
.results-table td:not(:first-child) { text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.results-table.text-table th,
.results-table.text-table td,
.results-table.three-col th:nth-child(2),
.results-table.three-col td:nth-child(2) { text-align: left; font-variant-numeric: normal; }
.results-table tr.highlight td { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.results-table tr.highlight td:first-child { border-left: 2px solid var(--link); padding-left: 6px; }

.bar-chart,
.range-bar { margin: 24px 0 12px; }
.bar-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 130px minmax(0, 1fr) 90px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.bar-label,
.range-label { color: var(--secondary); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; text-align: right; }
.bar-track { height: 22px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 2px; background: var(--surface); }
.bar-fill { height: 100%; border-radius: 2px; background: var(--accent-soft); }
.bar-fill.accent { background: var(--link); }
.bar-value,
.range-info { color: var(--secondary); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.bar-caption { margin: 6px 0 0; color: var(--secondary); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7; }
.range-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 50px minmax(0, 1fr) 160px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.range-label { font-weight: 500; }
.range-track { position: relative; height: 28px; border-radius: 2px; background: var(--surface); }
.range-extent { position: absolute; top: 4px; height: 20px; border-radius: 2px; background: var(--accent-faint); }
.range-extent.accent { background: var(--glow-band); }
.range-avg { position: absolute; top: 2px; width: 2px; height: 24px; border-radius: 1px; }
.range-avg.wifi { background: var(--accent-soft); }
.range-avg.fiveg { background: var(--link); }

.findings { margin: 0 0 22px; padding-left: 20px; }
.findings li { margin-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 2px; color: var(--body); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; }
.thesis-footer { color: var(--secondary); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }
.download-link { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; }

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .research-header .heading-row { margin-bottom: 22px; }
  .research-header .lede { font-size: 15px; }
  .research-article hr { margin: 30px 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .bar-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 90px; }
  .bar-label { grid-column: 1 / -1; text-align: left; }
  .range-row { grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .range-info { grid-column: 2; }
}